Physical+Science+-+Electrical+Energy

=Physical Science - Electrical Energy Benchmarks pg. 275-302= by Dr. Suters

II. Series and Parallel Circuit Concepts p. 286-288 III. Electrical Flow Concepts p. 292-294 IV. Electromagnetic Concepts p. 295-297 Wires carrying electric currents generate a magnetic field. Electromagnets are used in: V. Generating Electricity Concepts p. 300-302 Standard 12: Forces in Nature || ===4th grade=== GLE 0407.12.2 Observe that electrically charged objects exert a pull on other materials. GLE 0407.12.3 Explain how electricity in a simple circuit requires a complete loop through which current can pass. __Checks for Understanding__ 0407.12.1 Explore the interactions between an electrically charged object and other materials. 0407.12.2 Design an experiment to investigate how a simple electromagnet affects common objects. 0407.12.3 Describe how electricity passes through a simple circuit that includes a battery, wire, switch, and bulb. __SPI's__ SPI 0407.12.2 Determine how an electrically charged material interacts with other objects. SPI 0407.12.3 Determine the path of an electrical current in a simple circuit.
 * ===Content=== || I. Closed and Open Circuit Concepts p. 278-80
 * Closed Circuit: Connection between the sources of electricity and the appliance or device is continuous; turned on
 * Open Circuit: a break or gap in the circuit; the flow of electricity stops
 * Switches: safe and convenient way to open or close circuits
 * Batteries: called dry cells; D-size or #6 are safest - deliver 1 1/2 volts of electricity; house current is not safe to use for investigations
 * Bulbs: Match the bulb with the # of 1 1/2-volt cells used; Commonly you will use bulbs labeled as one-cell or 1.2V and two-cell or 2.5V
 * Fahnestock (Wire) Clips: Used to make connections to sockets and wires
 * Wire: use plastic-covered solid copper wire labeled as Number 22; Use a wire stripper to remove insulation and cut wire
 * Connections: tape & rubber bands can be used to hold wires or you can purchase socket and cell holders
 * Two-, Three-, and-Four-Way Switches: named for the number of installations that have to be made; for example a three-way switch includes 2 switches and one "load" such as a light fixture.
 * Wires can be connected in series (one loop, such as outdated Christmas Tree lights) or parallel (2 or more loops, such as wiring in houses)
 * Cells (or batteries) can be connected in series (negative terminals join to positive terminals) or parallel (like terminals are joined)
 * Voltage - an electromotive force; the energy source in a circuit that produces the force that causes electrons to flow
 * Voltage is increased by hooking up cells in series; bulb will be brighter but burn out faster
 * Voltage remains the same in parallel hook up; bulb will burn longer
 * Current - flow of electrons - measured in amps
 * Resistance - ability to slow flow of electrons - measured in ohms
 * Ohm's Law - the voltage needed to force a given amount of current through a circuit is equal to the product of the current and the resistance of the circuit. E=IR; Voltage=E, Current=I, Resistance= R
 * Conductors
 * conductors: substance that permits easy flow of electricity such as metals; copper most often used (efficient & inexpensive)
 * Insulators: poor conductors; rubber, glass, plastic, cloth, and other nonmetallic substances
 * some poor conductors become good conductors when wet; safer to turn appliances on and off with dry hands.
 * Resistance: the longer the wire, the greater the resistance to the flow of electrons; a dimmer switch or rheostat can change the length of wire to adjust the current flow
 * Light Bulbs - tungsten, sometimes called wolfram is the metal used in incandescent bulbs today; should be a thin wire to constrict the flow of electrons - produces more light and heat
 * Circuit Hazards - if there is no resistor connected within the circuit, a great surge of electricity flows through the wire
 * Short Circuits - intense heating of wires; two bare wires touch each other preventing the current flow through the resistor.
 * Overloaded Circuits - occurs more often in outdated wiring by plugging in "today's appliances"; causes overheating and potential fire
 * Fuses and Circuit Breakers - protect us from electrical fire hazard
 * Electric Bell
 * The Telephone
 * Electric Motor
 * Relays - simple electromechnical switch activated by an electrical signal. Works to control things like the compressor of a refrigerator, dehumidifier, or other large appliance.
 * Static Electricity
 * Review of atomic structure. electrons have a negative charge; protons have a positive charge. In the normal state, atoms have the same # of electrons; however they can lose an electron by rubbing together with other materials.
 * Basic Law of Static Electricity: Like charges repel each other and unlike charges attract. Identical objects that are rubbed will repel each other; different materials rubbed together will attract.
 * Lightning is caused by friction, substances rub together
 * Current Electricity - The electricity we use comes from two sources: batteries and power plants.
 * Producing Electromagnetic Waves - changing the electric current in a wire can change the magnetic field - gives off radio waves. ||
 * ===TN State Standards===

6th Grade
GLE 0607.12.1Describe how simple circuits are associated with the transfer of electrical energy. GLE 0607.12.2 Explain how simple electrical circuits can be used to determine which materials conduct electricity. __Checks for Understanding__ 0607.12.1 Prepare a poster that illustrates how electricity passes though a simple circuit to produce heat, light, or sound. 0607.12.2 Determine a material’s electrical conductivity by testing it with a simple battery/bulb circuit. 0607.12.3 Compare and contrast the characteristics of objects and materials that conduct electricity with those that are electrical insulators. __SPI's__ SPI 0607.12.1 Identify how simple circuits are associated with the transfer of electrical energy when heat, light, sound, and chemical changes are produced. SPI 0607.12.2 Identify materials that can conduct electricity. || > Includes a clear description of how they work, magnetic fields, the coil of the electromagnet and experiments to try. > @http://science.howstuffworks.com/electromagnet.htm > This site has a wealth of information about electricity. An introduction to electricity is provided as well as a discussion about how electricity is converted into heat energy, light energy, and motion energy. Next, parts of a circuit are explained (including parallel and series circuits) and then conductors and insulators are explained. This site could be used for any lesson related to electricity. The vocabulary link is helpful as well. > @http://www.thetech.org/exhibits/online/topics/10a.html > Simply describes atomic structure & electrical charges. Includes experiments and projects on static electricity. > @http://www.sciencemadesimple.com/static.html || > Purpose: To learn how to construct and use an electromagnet. To learn that electromagnets are temporary magnets and work only when electricity passes through the coil of wire. > @http://www.sciencenetlinks.com/lessons.php?BenchmarkID=4&DocID=428 > Purpose: To introduce students to static electricity as a phenomenon that involves positive and negative charges. Use of 2 experiments - stuck up balloon and dancing balloon. > @http://www.sciencenetlinks.com/lessons.php?DocID=202 > Describes how to build an electroscope which is a device to detect the presence of static electricity. Uses everyday materials > @http://www.mos.org/sln/toe/simpleelectroscope.html || @http://www.mixpod.com/playlist/85290030 How to create a parallel circuit, an electromagnet, and a series circuit. ||
 * ===Websites=== || # __How Electromagnets Work__
 * 1) __Tech Topics: Electricity__
 * 1) __Static Electricity__
 * ===Lesson Plans=== || # __Build an Electromagnet__
 * 1) __Introducing Static Electricity__
 * 1) __Simple Electroscope__
 * ===Videos=== || media type="custom" key="10366986"

Electrical Energy Demonstration Inquiry Lesson
by Dr. Suters [|ElectricalEnergyDemoLesson.pdf]